Moreover, there is a mouse model of biliary atresia which is induced by neonatal viral infection, and an immune response in patients affected with biliary atresia mimics the response to viral infections, i.e., they harbor an induction of Th1 cells and upregulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and 7a as well as a high expression of Mx protein [74,77,78,79]. This evidence concerns the gene MX1 and viral infectious disease.