In the current review, we found that a randomized controlled study reported that L-carnosine exerted neuroprotective activity by significantly decreasing proinflammatory (NF-κB, TNF-α) and apoptotic (caspase-3) markers and increasing Nrf2 in colorectal cancer patients with oxaliplatin-induced PN [107]. The gene discussed is NFKB1; the disease is colorectal cancer.