The highlights of the present review are as follows: (a) sesquiterpenoid zonarol and analogs, whose activity is based on the stimulation of the Nrf2/ARE pathway, have a neuroprotective effect; (b) the research on pestalotioquinol and analogs (aromatic ene-ynes) in the pharmacology of atherosclerosis is of great value, due to their agonistic interaction with LXRα; and (c) prenylhydroquinones with a selective effect on tyrosine nitration or protein carbonylation may be of interest in the control of post-translational protein modifications, which usually appear in chronic inflammatory diseases. This evidence concerns the gene NR1H3 and atherosclerosis.