ADIPOQ and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Furthermore, in a co-culture model of 3T3-L1 cells and RAW264.7 cells, brassinin-induced NRF2 activation increases the levels of adiponectin, HO-1, interleukin 6 (IL6), and C-C motif chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2; also known as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1: MCP-1) and improves obesity-induced inflammation in both adipocytes and macrophages [71], thus indicating a protective function of NRF2 activation against obesity.