NFE2L2 and hepatocellular carcinoma: In contrast, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), a high affinity AhR ligand, was found to induce Nrf2 mRNA expression in an AhR-dependent manner in mouse hepatoma 1c1c7 cells, suggesting that AhR directly increased the transcription of Nrf2 mRNA (Figure 2b) [16].