VCAM1 and myocardial disorder: Activation and expression of numerous proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukins 6 (IL-6) and -8 (IL-8), monocyte chemotactic protein1 (MPC-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and others, contribute to long-lasting systemic and local low-grade inflammation and sustained cardiac oxidative stress that, in turn, manifests as myocardial disease [11,12,13].