PTGS2 and infection: Moreover, PC and PEA protect the cell from oxidative stress by affecting three main pathways: (1) inhibition of COX-2 and consequent decrease of signaling generating ROS; (2) increased synthesis of glutathione and, thereby, strengthening of the natural antioxidant defenses of the tissue, and (3) decreased infection-driven mitochondrial respiratory burst, which generates oxidative stress.