VEGFA and pancreatic neoplasm: Another study showed that PTX-loaded PEGylated cationic liposomes, modified with R8-dGR (RRRRRRRR-dGR) co-encapsulating pHIF-1α (plasmid hypoxia-inducible factor-1α), downregulated HIF-1α and its downstream molecules VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and MMP-9, leading to enhanced antimetastatic effects in pancreatic cancer in vivo [166].