PTGS2 and brain ischemia: In addition to the high neural COX-2 activity in acute paradigms of excitotoxicity [20] (e.g., cerebral ischemia [21] and seizures [22]), microglia also show an increase in COX-2 activity and PGE2 production, causing inflammatory injury in inflammatory paradigms [10,23,24], such as Alzheimer’s disease [24,25], Parkinson’s disease [26], and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis [27].