ADCYAP1 and glioblastoma: In contrast, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor PAC1R suppress angiogenic pathway and mesenchymal markers, such as vimentin and MMP-2 by inhibition of MAPK/PI3K/Akt signaling in the hypoxia niche of glioblastoma [8,9].