Even though MALT1 exhibits two distinct molecular functions that lead either to IKK activation (scaffold function) or to the cleavage of selected substrates (protease function), the inhibition of MALT1 protease activity is sufficient to reduce tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis resistance in DLBCL, MCL, PEL, ATLL, MALT, and T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), highlighting the therapeutic potential of MALT1 inhibitors in these hematological malignancies [70,76,77,78,79,80,81]. The gene discussed is MALT1; the disease is primary effusion lymphoma.