Neuropeptide Y dysfunction has in fact been reported in several other neurological disorders, including PD, HD, Machado-Joseph disease (the potential role of NPY in all three is discussed by Duarte-Neves et al. [186] and Li et al. [211]), and ALS [214], reflective of its neuroprotective role in neural networks. This evidence concerns the gene NPY and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.