LDHA and pulmonary arterial hypertension: Moreover, expression of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), a key enzyme of ω-oxidation, is higher in lung tissues, SMCs, and ECs from patients with PAH, suggesting that ω-oxidation is the main FA oxidation metabolic pathway when β-oxidation is no longer sufficient to supply energy for the pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.