Specifically, in PVCs and lung tissue of various PAH types, vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) stiffening, an early and potent pathogenic trigger, leads to the yes-associated protein 1 (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif 1 (TAZ) mechanoactivation. This evidence concerns the gene YAP1 and pulmonary arterial hypertension.