BMP4 and colonic neoplasm: For example, it was discovered that deactivation of the uPA/TGF-β pathway, which is a common feature of early-stage colon cancer, is linked to stronger suppression of the BMP pathway, as evidenced by BMP-4 reduction and Gremlin-1 increase, which shed more light on the contradicting roles of the TGF-β/BMP pathway in colon cancer progression [80].