ACOX1 and atherosclerosis: In particular, the heterodimeric complex in RXRA/PPARA is necessary to ensure the transcriptional activity of PPARA (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha) in regulating expression of genes for β-oxidation of fatty acids (ACOX1), and cytochromes P450 generating free radicals leading to oxidative stress, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.