Consequently, we next assessed the effect of macrophage C/EBPδ on paclitaxel-, a cytotoxic agent routinely used in pancreatic cancer treatment that acts independent of DNA replication, and 5-FU-, a pyrimidine nucleoside-based cytotoxic agent with different transport and activation properties as deoxycytidine [33], induced cell death (Figure 4A). This evidence concerns the gene CEBPD and familial pancreatic carcinoma.