PINK1 and Parkinson disease: Thus, mutations in PINK1 and PARKIN (which encode proteins involved in mitophagy), DJ-1 (which encodes redox-sensitive chaperone deglycase DJ-1, inhibiting the aggregation of α-synuclein during oxidative stress), SNCA (which encodes α-synuclein), and LRRK2 (which encodes leucine-rich repeat kinase 2) were all proven to cause the development of PD.