In addition, the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1 and IL-6, and chemokines CXCL1 and CXCL2 were upregulated by O-GlcNAcylated STAT3 in BMMs from CUL3-deficient mice, thus contributing to azoxymethane-induced colitis and colitis-associated cancer. This evidence concerns the gene CUL3 and cancer.