GFAP and Parkinson disease: Although some evidence in rodent models of PD and in PD patients indicate that the cortical area M1 is involved in the development of LID [54,55], no effect of MPTP lesion was observed on Iba1 or GFAP levels in the M1 and the PFCd, suggesting that the inflammatory activity was probably restricted within the brain structures composing the basal ganglia.