Animal and clinical trials have proven the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of IGF-1, and the exploration of the cross-talk pathways between IGF-1 and glutamate are ongoing, suggesting that IGF-1 may become a potential drug for the treatment of neurological diseases with glutamate excitotoxicity as a common pathological pathway (Figure 4 and Figure 5). This evidence concerns the gene IGF1 and nervous system disorder.