LOXL1 and pulmonary fibrosis: Increased LOXL1 and LOXL2 levels both on the mRNA and on the protein level have been described in IPF [17] and LOXL1 protein deficiency has been shown to prevent pulmonary fibrosis induced by transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-B1) overexpression in knockout mice by blocking fibrillar collagen organization and subsequent tissue stiffening [18].