VCAM1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: In our study, there was also an increased expression of several genes encoding for cell adhesion molecules or the cell cycle in both groups, e.g., VCAM1 and integrin subunit beta 3 (ITGB3) [15] in sarcoidosis, neural cell adhesion molecule 1 (NCAM1) in both entities as well as anaphase promoting complex subunit 10 (ANAPC10) and proteasome 26S subunit, non-ATPase 13 (PSMD13) in IPF lungs.