CCR7 and triple-negative breast carcinoma: TGF-β1 activates the serine/threonine kinase, TGF-β-activated protein kinase 1 (TAK1), which is a regulator of proinflammatory and innate signaling pathways, leading to increased CCR7 and inflammation/increased cell survival [304]; indeed, it was shown that activation of TAK1 increased expression of CCR7 in triple-negative breast cancers and enhanced EMT, lymph node invasion and cancer cell survival [72].