TP53 and hepatocellular carcinoma: Several genes have been reported to regulate DNA damage and repair in HCC, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase–extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK), BRCA, p53, c-MYC, and interleukin-6 (IL-6), thus leading to intensive recovery from chemotherapy-induced DNA damage and thereby conferring resistance to tumor cells [63,67,68].