TGFB1 and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: Moreover, they observed that by incubating AEC-II with EVs isolated from wild-type and Sdc1−/− mice models of IPF induced with bleomycin, EVs from wild-type mice act as a profibrotic signal promoting the activation of different signaling pathways involved in fibrotic processes, such as TGF-β and Wnt as compared with the effect of EVs isolated from Sdc1−/− mice [54].