A non-bacterial mouse model of prostate inflammation was created based on observations that IL-1 beta abundance increases after intraprostatic injection of noxious agents or uropathogenic E. coli infection [214,215,216,217] and that Prostatic IL-1 beta abundance is elevated in humans with histological BPH and correlates with LUTS and chronic pelvic pain [218,219,220,221,222]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1B and escherichia coli infection.