Cancer was also implicated in the long-term 4-nonylphenol exposure, specifically the SPINK1 pancreatic cancer pathway, with 4 DEGs following 10 nM exposure, including carboxypeptidase A2 (pancreatic; cpa2), carboxypeptidase A1 (pancreatic; cpa1), carboxypeptidase B1 (tissue; cpb1), and chymotrypsinogen B, tandem duplicate 1 (ctrb2). This evidence concerns the gene CPA1 and familial pancreatic carcinoma.