Intriguingly, IL18R1 deletion increased tumour growth and burden, in mouse models of liver tumorigenesis, and the analysis of hepatocellular carcinoma patients indicated that IL18R1 exerted tumour-suppressive effects, largely by modulating activity of both CD8+ and multiple subsets of CD4+ T-cells; moreover, differences in expression levels in tumor tissue versus matched non-tumour tissue was more predictive of patient outcome than overall tissue expression [95]. Here, IL18R1 is linked to hepatocellular carcinoma.