Based on these findings, cancer immunotherapy is currently been developed, in order to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses [16, 17]: in particular, immune checkpoint inhibitors [like those of CTLA-4, programmed death receptor-1 (PD-1) and its ligand PDL-1] are among the most innovative approaches designed for antagonizing immune tolerance and inducing tumour regression [18–21]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is cancer.