The derived ABC-stroke score (age, troponin, NT-proBNP and clinical history of stroke/TIA) [7,8] and R2CHADS2 score (supplementing the CHADS2 score with an additional 2 points for CrCl < 60 mL/min) [15] outperformed CHA2DS2-VASc score and demonstrated the value of risk factors beyond CHA2DS2-VASc score for refining stroke risk stratification in patients with NVAF. The gene discussed is NPPB; the disease is Stroke.