LCN2 and acute kidney injury: Additional tools to stratify patients at risk of persistent AKI, AKD, and CKD include markers of structural kidney injury, including neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL).8, 9, 10 Because of the rising global burden of CKD and its associated strain on health systems,11 as well as the historical under-representation of sub-Saharan African in global AKI research,3 there is a critical need to define AKI recovery and predictors of AKD in malaria.