NFE2L2 and infection: By contrast, Nrf2 is inactivated by herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) or severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), while the Nrf2 activators 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), sulforaphane, 2-cyano-3,10-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oic acid (CDDO) (Figure S1), and its C-28 methyl ester (CDDO-Me, bardoxolone methyl) inhibit the replication of these viruses, correlating with increased resistance to infection (Olagnier et al., 2020; Ordonez et al., 2021; Sun et al., 2021; Wyler et al., 2019).