Inflammatory factors, including interleukin-1 β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), CRP, and interleukin-17A (IL-17) have been found to be inversely associated with cognitive functions in HF patients (59) as these remain significant after changes in LVEF and symptoms of HF. Here, TNF is linked to hydrops fetalis.