HPGDS and lung cancer: Crocetin, as a strong antioxidant compound, was demonstrated to inhibit lipid peroxidation, increase the activity of glutathione S-transferase (GST), GPx, CAT, and SOD, decrease damage marker enzymes such as aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase (AHH), LDH, γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and adenosine deaminase (ADA) in rat liver tissues, inhibit proliferation of lung cancer cells [174, 264], reduce ROS-induced lipid peroxidation in primary hepatocytes of rats [262], and reduce the levels of oxidized LDL [111].