In another case-control study including 14 RA patients and 27 controls, though there were no differences in serum level of MIP-1b in RA patients compared with healthy controls [log transformed level (range):4.92 (4.19–5.89) vs 4.74 (3.14-5.72)] (Barra et al., 2014), serum MIP-1β was negatively associated with anticitrullinated protein/peptide antibodies (OR: 0.03; 95% CI = 0.01–0.39; p = 0.007) (Barra et al., 2014), which are established biomarkers for RA diagnosis and can predict radiographic joint damage (Taylor et al., 2011). The gene discussed is CCL4; the disease is rheumatoid arthritis.