IL4 and Sepsis: The JAK-STAT pathway is capable of mediating cell proliferation and apoptosis (53), which is thought to be involved in sepsis-induced multi-organ dysfunction (12).The JAK-STAT signaling pathway is activated by both pro-inflammatory cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-12, and IL-27) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-13), which indicates that individual STAT family members would deferentially regulate the balance of Th cell subsets (54).