It has been observed to be over-expressed in a cohort of Epithelial Ovarian Cancer (EOC) patients, where it was associated with disease progression and poor prognosis77, potential mechanisms involve the inhibition of apoptosis emerged in another study, where the over-expression of PDIA4 in tumor cells reduced caspase 3 and 7 activity favoring cell growth78, thus potentially enabling tumor resistance to therapy79. This evidence concerns the gene CASP3 and ovarian carcinoma.