HIF1A and COVID-19: Potential pathogenetic links between COVID-19 and diabetes include disrupted glucose homeostasis, inflammation, altered immune status and activation of the RAS.11 Elevated glucose levels directly induce viral replication and proinflammatory cytokine production, which may favor SARS-CoV-2 infection and monocyte response through hypoxia-inducible factor-1a (HIF-1α)/glycolysis-dependent axis.365 Elevated cytokines, imbalance of Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio, decreased peripheral CD8+ T cells and NK cell counts contribute to the high mortality of COVID-19 patients with type 2 diabetes.366