Injection of polyI: C results in increased MDA content and decreased GSH-px/SOD activity in the liver tissues of mice, then oxidative stress is generated in the body and NLRP3 was activated, posing up-regulated L-1β, IL-18 and caspase-1, as well as the occurrence of inflammation response, thereby causing liver damage and fibrosis and finally the preparation of PBC mouse model. This evidence concerns the gene SOD1 and primary biliary cholangitis.