In the heatmap of the C, N, and NP groups, upregulated expression was observed for genes involved in the NF-κB signalling pathway, the NOD-like receptor signalling pathway, which is associated with inflammasome activation, and the PI3K-Akt signalling pathway, which is related to cardiac hypertrophy, in the N group compared to the C group, while downregulated expression was observed in the NP group (Supplemental Fig. 6B). This evidence concerns the gene AKT1 and cardiac hypertrophy.