HAVCR2 and cancer: Indeed, targeting TIM-3 has the potential to improve not only passive immunotherapy with other checkpoint inhibitors but also active immunotherapy by cancer vaccines.15 16 Consequently, multiple clinical trials targeting the TIM-3 checkpoint are under way, with emphasis on combination immunotherapy.10 Thus, it remains imperative to study in turn how active immunotherapy by oncolytic viruses impacts such immune checkpoints and T-cell exhaustion.