Naïve-like CD8+ found in human tumors can evoke IFN-γ responses39–41 and is a useful source for adoptive cell therapy in vivo due to stemness and extended viability,40 while effector-memory CD8+ can produce effector cytokines and eradicate established tumors.38 We also observed induction of Th17 cells, which, despite controversy around their role in cancer, have been indicated to enhance long-term antitumor immunity.42 Th17 cells could also give rise to IFN-γ-secreting Th1 cells,43 which trended for induction as well (p=0.093). The gene discussed is IFNG; the disease is cancer.