Overactivation of B and T lymphocytes, macrophages, synovial-like fibroblasts, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) release and the production of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) cytokines results in pain, atrophy, deformation of joints, bones erosion, and osteoporosis. Here, TNF is linked to osteoporosis.