Additionally, the current findings demonstrate that neutrophils also predominately regulate CD4+ T cell immune response by affecting the function of DCs during LdCen-/- infection and such cross talk involving neutrophils and DCs results in significantly lower LdCen-/- parasite numbers at early time point via enhanced effector response and might cumulatively contribute towards generating live attenuated Leishmania vaccine–induced protective immunity as observed earlier [6]. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is infection.