Importantly, OSMR deletion also reduced the malignancy of the tumors, assessed by histopathological analysis, as it reduced the percentage of mice with malignant carcinomas and increased the proportion of mice with premalignant adenomas/mammary intraepithelial neoplasia (MIN) or no tumors (Figure 1E and Supplemental Figure 1E; P value = 0.007 for χ2 test comparing malignant lesions versus premalignant lesions or no lesions). Here, OSMR is linked to cancer.