PDC and inflammatory bowel disease: Finally, this study suggests that some caution should be exerted in the administration of PHD inhibitors presently considered for the treatment of renal anemia (Gupta and Wish, 2017), inflammatory bowel diseases (Marks et al., 2015), as well as Parkinson’s disease (Li et al., 2018) as these compounds may display some proinflammatory effects via the alteration of Treg phenotype and function in vivo.