Pi10 pooled analysis indicates that never-smoking populations have a larger Pi10 (3.81 ± 0.7 mm n = 644) than smoking populations (3.23 ± 0.83 mm n = 4,942) (p < 0.001, 95% CI [−0.5 mm, −0.6 mm]), but smaller than COPD populations (3.96 ± 0.55 mm n = 6,887) (p < 0.001, 95% CI [0.1 mm, 0.2 mm]) (Figure 6) while asthma populations had the largest Pi10 (4.03 ± 0.27 n = 442)(p = < 0.001, 95%CI [0.1 mm, 0.3 mm]). Here, SERPINB10 is linked to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.