CCL4 and Sepsis: The results showed that the gene expression of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6, chemokines ccl2, cxcl1, and ccl4, as well as ALT and AST, increased markedly in the CLP group, whereas the increased levels of inflammatory factors and chemokines induced by sepsis were reversed in the metformin-treated-CLP (CLP-MET) group (P < 0.05; Figure 1(E–I), Supplementary Figure 4A-B).