A cross-sectional study in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) also found that phthalate metabolites were not significantly associated with breast cancer41, but MEOHP was related to male-specific thyroid cancer16, and MEHHP, MEOHP, MECPP, MCMHP, MBzP, MiBP, and MnBP were also associated with prostate cancer in a waist ≥ 90 cm subgroup17; however, four studies observed that MBzP was negatively associated with breast cancer risk12–14,40. This evidence concerns the gene NMRK2 and breast cancer.