INS and diabetes mellitus: With adjustment for demographics, baseline comorbidities (listed in Table 1), blood pressures, BMI, duration of diabetes, HbA1C and medications, in a multivariable logistic regression model, compared to veterans with an eGFR of ≥90 ml/min/1.73 m2, a substantially higher percentage of veterans with stage 3A (odds ratio (OR) 1.56, 95% CI 1.53 to 1.59), stage 3B (OR 2.35, 95% CI 2.29 to 2.42) and stage 4/5 (OR 3.55, 95% CI 3.43 to 3.66) CKD used insulin at baseline (Fig. 2, Panel A).