For example, the infection of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), a positive-strand RNA virus from the picornavirus family, triggers the expression of SEC62, which acts as an important antiviral factor by upregulating the IRE1-retinoic acid-inducible gene 1 (RIG-I)-dependent antiviral innate immune responses through an unknown mechanism, and FMDV evades this antiviral host defense mechanism by downregulating IRE1 levels (524–526). Here, ERN1 is linked to infection.