PPARG and cancer: In vitro studies have also confirmed that PPAR-γ agonists can induce apoptosis in cultured T cells in vitro, suggesting that it is a potential anti-inflammatory molecule that plays a role in immune dysfunction during a severe inflammatory response.92 An increase in PPAR-γ expression can also induce apoptosis in cancer cells.93 However, the opposite is true for neuronal cells, where either PPAR-γ overexpression or its receptor agonist rosiglitazone can exert an anti-apoptotic effect by protecting mitochondria through the upregulation of anti-apoptotic proteins 94 (Figure 2).