The 29 mRNAs that the InSep test consists of are classified into 3 separate, validated subpanels: a 7-mRNA “Bacterial-Viral Metascore,” an 11-mRNA “Stanford Mortality Score” and an 11-mRNA “Sepsis Metascore.” The 7-gene “Bacterial-Viral Metascore” subpanel consists of 4 genes (HK3, TNIP1, GPAA1, and CTSB) that have shown to be significantly higher in bacterial infections, and 3 genes (IFI27, JUP, and LAX1) shown to be higher in viral infections. Here, TNIP1 is linked to bacterial infectious disease.